基于深度学习的多模态眼科图像回归预测

青光眼是世界第二大致盲性眼病，视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）缺损是诊断青光眼的重要特征。在临床应用中主要采用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）测量RNFL厚度。然而在我国的多数中小型医院和体检中心，只有眼底照相机而不具备OCT设备。因此利用眼底照和OCT的多模态数据，设计了一种基于眼底照来预测RNFL厚度的深度残差回归神经网络。该网络通过眼底照中的局部区域信息预测此区域的RNFL厚度，并对视盘外围一周范围内的RNFL厚度给出全面的刻画。在一个来自北京同仁医院的真实数据集上的实验结果显示，本文算法预测的RNFL厚度值与OCT测量值具有高度的一致性（对于正常眼平均绝对误差E_MA=14.884，Pearson相关系数r=0.885，决定系数R²=0.781；对于青光眼E_MA=15.108，r=0.872，R²=0.754）。评估结果表明所提方法对基于眼底照预测RNFL厚度具有良好的临床实用性。     

基于概率图模型的危险驾驶罪刑期预测

针对司法实践中对于可解释性及预测性能的需求, 本文提出了一种基于概率图模型的量刑智能辅助方法. 该方法以量刑要素为基石建立含有隐节点的概率图模型, 由极大似然准则估计刑期分布的参数, 进而计算分布的数学期望得到预测值. 关于危险驾驶罪的实验结果表明, 概率图模型的预测准确率优于基于决策树和神经网络等的模型, 且具有良好的可解释性.     

The Effectiveness of Structural Monetary Policy and Macro-Prudential Policies — Based on the DSGE Model That Includes Bank Heterogeneous Credit

Journal of Systems Science and Complexity - Structural monetary policy and macro-prudential policies are important parts of the policy system of the People’s Bank of China. By constructing a...     

不同边界条件薄壁截锥壳的高阶振动特性研究

采用传递矩阵法研究了不同边界条件下薄壁截锥壳的高阶振动特性.基于Love壳体理论建立薄壁截锥壳振动微分方程,根据薄壁截锥壳子段间的状态向量,通过传递矩阵法得出整体传递矩阵,并用高精度的精细积分法计算固有频率,通过文献和有限元法进行验证,并分析了薄壁截锥壳在不同边界条件下的高阶振动特性.结果表明,不同边界条件下,采用传递矩阵法计算高阶固有频率与有限元法的计算结果基本一致.当轴向半波数增加时,频率明显增大;随着周向波数的增加,频率先减小后增大.固支-固支和简支-简支边界下在m=1和n=7处得到最小频率,固支-自由边界下在m=1和n=6处得到最小频率,三种边界下最小频率值分别为400.1、325.6和226.1 Hz;边界条件约束越多,最低阶固有频率越大.     

上海市亚微米颗粒物中水溶性含氮组分的分布特征

细颗粒态无机和有机含氮组分的形成、转化、传输和沉降在大气氮循环中发挥重要作用. 为了解上海亚微米颗粒物(PM$_{1}$)中含氮物质的质量浓度、组成及季节变化特征, 使用大流量采样器采集了 2017—2018 年 66 个 PM$_{1}$ 样品, 并应用离子色谱仪和紫外/可见光光度计分析了水溶性无机离子和水溶性有机氮(water-soluble organic nitrogen, WSON)的质量浓度. 结果表明: 上海 PM$_{1}$中NH$_{4}^{+}$-N、NO$_{3}^{-}$-N、WSON 的年平均质量浓度分别为 1.79、0.97、0.41 μg/m³; NH$_{4}^{+}$-N 对水溶性总氮(water-soluble total nitrogen, WSTN)的贡献最高(56%), NO$_{3}^{-}$-N 次之(31%), WSON 为 13%. 上海PM$_{1}$中含氮组分的质量浓度存在冬季最高、夏季最低的季节变化趋势, 但NH$_{4}^{+}$-N、NO$_{3}^{-}$-N 和 WSON 对 WSTN 贡献的季节变化存在明显的不同, NH$_{4}^{+}$-N 在不同季节变化较小, NO$_{3}^{-}$-N 表现出显著的冬高(38%)、夏低(18%)的特点, 而 WSON 夏季最高(22%)、冬季最低(8%). 正矩阵因子分解(positive matrix factorisation, PMF)法的源解析结果表明: 二次反应和生物质燃烧贡献了上海 PM$_{1}$ 中 WSON 的 48%, 燃煤贡献了 11%, 植物源挥发性有机化合物二次转化贡献了 20%, 餐饮和机动车贡献了 21%. WSON 的来源有显著的季节变化.     

基于多参数稳定分布的GBAS垂直保护级计算

针对全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)的地基增强系统(ground based augmentation system, GBAS)的完好性评估过程中, 使用误差包络理论计算保护级(protection level, PL)时, 误差模型存在的“厚尾”“不对称”“非零均值”等问题, 提出了基于稳定分布的误差包络理论。首先给出了高斯包络理论计算PL的模型; 其次推导了两参数与四参数稳定分布误差包络算法; 最后使用仿真数据和通过实验测得的数据, 对多参数稳定包络模型的算法进行评估。结果表明多参数稳定包络法在相似的计算复杂度下, 解决了高斯包络法建模时过于保守的问题, 显著提高了保护级计算的精确性。     

Impact of the RMB Joining in the SDR Basket on Its Internationalization from the Perspective of Risk Spillover

For evaluating the influence of the Chinese renminbi(RMB) joining in the special drawing right(SDR) basket on RMB's internationalization, the authors systemically study the risk spillover networks and examine the dynamic relationship of exchange rates among the SDR currencies including the US dollar(USD), European Union euro(EUR), Japanese yen(JPY) and British pound(GBP).The empirical results demonstrate that the USD takes a dominant position and holds the biggest risk spillover to other currencies, and the RMB's inclusion to the SDR basket makes the risk spillover to get average, giving rise to the SDR currency system more stable to a certain degree. The inclusion of the RMB in the SDR not only can reduce the systematic risk of the SDR, but also has a certain impact on the international exchange rate markets. Nowadays, in front of the growing trade friction, more such researches could help to effectively deal with the currency disputes.     

Comparison of Travel Mode Choice Between Taxi and Subway Regarding Traveling Convenience

In this study, we investigate travel mode choice behavior between taxi and subway with an emphasis on the influence of traveling convenience. In the first stage, we examine the Origin-Destination(OD) points of Beijing taxi trips and compare these locations with the respective nearest subway station. Statistics reveal several interesting conclusions. First, for approximately 24.89% of all trips, no convenient subway connections exist between the OD pairs. As such, a taxi becomes the only viable choice. Second, for 80.23% of the remaining 75.11%of trips(equivalent to 60.26% of all trips), access distance from either the origin or the destination to the nearest subway station is greater than 500 meters. This phenomenon indicates that walking distance plays an important role in travel mode choice. In the second stage, we examine groups of taxi trips with similar travel distances and travel times to reveal common features. We establish a preference rule in terms of travel distance and travel time.This determines whether an individual driver will take a taxi or the subway, using a pairwise comparison-based preference regression model. Tests indicate that more than 95% of taxi trips can be correctly predicted by this preference rule. This conclusion reveals that traveling convenience dominates the travel model choice between taxi and subway. All these findings shed light on the factors that influence travel mode choice behavior.     

非物质文化遗产协同创新保护体系探究——以丹寨万达小镇为例

以丹寨万达小镇为切入点,分析它的特色之处,引出非物质文化遗产是其内核。阐述非物质文化遗产协同创新保护体系的构成,探索协同创新保护体系运营模式,指出非物质文化遗产协同创新保护之路任重而道远。